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Visual Studio for Mac has debuggers with support for .Net Core, .NET Framework, Unity, and Xamarin applications.
Remote Desktop Support Software for Mac. BeyondTrust has supported Mac OS X since 2007. And, unlike some remote support solutions that stop with basic support, BeyondTrust offers largely the same functionality for Mac as it does for Windows. Without BeyondTrust, support organizations must settle for patched-together solutions, limited. Jan 17, 2012 Mac OS. X Lion, by default, defaults to building executables with Position Independent Executable (PIE) code. However, the Intel IDB debugger does not currently (as of Composer XE 2011 Updates 6, 7, 8, and 9) support debugging of PIE executables. To work around this, IFORT and ICC/ICPC can be directed to produce non-PIE executables.
Visual Studio for Mac uses the Mono Soft Debugger, which is implemented into the Mono runtime, allowing Visual Studio for Mac to debug managed code across all platforms.
The Debugger
Visual Studio for Mac uses the Mono Soft Debugger to debug managed (C# or F#) code in all Xamarin applications. The Mono Soft debugger is different from regular debuggers in that it is a cooperative debugger that is built into the Mono runtime; the generated code and Mono runtime cooperate with the IDE to provide a debugging experience. The Mono runtime exposes the debugging functionality through a wire protocol, which you can read more about in the Mono documentation.
Hard debuggers, such as LLDB or GDB, control a program without the knowledge or cooperation from the debugged program, but can still be useful when debugging Xamarin applications in the event that you need to debug native iOS or Android code.
For .NET Core and ASP.NET Core applications, Visual Studio for Mac uses the .NET Core debugger. This debugger is also a cooperative debugger and works with the .NET runtime.
Using the debugger
To start debugging any application, always ensure that the configuration is set to Debug. The debug configuration provides a helpful set of tools to support debugging, such as breakpoints, using data visualizers, and viewing the call stack:
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Setting a breakpoint
To set a breakpoint in your IDE, click on the margin area of your editor, next to the line number of the code where you wish to break:
You can view all the breakpoints that have been set in your code by going to the Breakpoints pad:
Start debugging
To start debugging, select the target browser, device, or simulator/emulator:
Then deploy your application by pressing the Play button, or Cmd + return. When you hit a breakpoint, the code will be highlighted yellow:
Debugging tools, such as the one used to inspect the values of objects, can be used at this point to get more information about what is happening in your code:
Conditional breakpoints
You can also set rules dictating the circumstances under which a breakpoint should occur, this is known as adding a conditional breakpoint. To set a conditional breakpoint, access the Breakpoint Properties window, which can be done in two ways:
- To add a new conditional breakpoint, right-click on the editor margin, to the left of the line number for the code you wish to set a breakpoint on, and select New Breakpoint:
- To add a condition to an existing breakpoint, right-click on the breakpoint and select Breakpoint Properties, or, in the Breakpoints Pad, select the Edit Breakpoint button illustrated below:
You can then enter the condition under which you want the breakpoint to occur:
Stepping through code
When a breakpoint has been reached, the Debug tools enable you to get control over the program's execution. Visual Studio for Mac will display four buttons, allowing you to run and step through the code. In Visual Studio for Mac, they will look like the following:
Here are the four buttons:
- Play - This will begin executing the code, until the next breakpoint.
- Step Over - This will execute the next line of code. If the next line is a function call, Step Over will execute the function, and will stop at the next line of code after the function.
- Step Into - This will also execute the next line of code. If the next line is a function call, Step Into will stop at the first line of the function, allowing you to continue line-by-line debugging of the function. If the next line is not a function, it will behave the same as Step Over.
- Step Out - This will return to the line where the current function was called.
Change which statement is executed next
While the debugger is paused, an arrow in the margin shows which line of code will be executed next. You can click and drag the arrow to a different line of code to change which statement will be executed. You can achieve the same thing by also right-clicking on a line of code and selecting Set Next Statement from the context menu.
Caution
Changing the current line of execution can cause unexpected behavior in an application. There are also some conditions where changing the next statement to execute is not possible. For example, dragging the arrow from one method to another method will not work. In these unsupported cases, Visual Studio for Mac will display a dialog to let you know it was not possible to change the current line of execution.
Debugging Mono's class libraries
Xamarin products ship with the source code for Mono's class libraries, and you can use this to single step from the debugger to inspect how things are working under the hood.
Since this feature consumes more memory during debugging, it is turned off by default.
To enable this feature, browse to Visual Studio for Mac > Preferences > Debugger and ensure that the 'Step into external code' option is selected, as illustrated below:
See also
This document explains how to debug Mozilla-derived applications such as Firefox, Thunderbird, and SeaMonkey on macOS using Xcode. If you want to debug from the terminal see Debugging Mozilla with lldb. For specific information on a way to debug hangs, see Debugging a hang on OS X.
Creating a debuggable build
First, you need to build the application you're going to debug using --disable-optimize
--enable-debug-symbols
in your .mozconfig (also add --enable-debug
if you want assertions etc. compiled in). See Building Firefox for macOS if you need help creating your own build.
Debugging Firefox on macOS 10.14+
macOS 10.14 introduced Notarization and Hardened Runtime features for improved application security. macOS 10.15 went further, requiring applications to be Notarized with Hardened Runtime enabled in order to launch (ignoring workarounds.) When run on earlier macOS versions, Notarization and Hardened Runtime settings have no effect.
Official Builds
At this time, official builds of Firefox 69 and later are Notarized. Uplifts to Firefox 68 and ESR 68 to enable Notarization are planned. As a result, it is not possible to attach a debugger to these official Firefox releases on macOS 10.14+ without disabling System Integrity Protection (SIP). This is due to Notarization requiring Hardened Runtime to be enabled with the com.apple.security.get-task-allow
entitlement disallowed. Rather than disabling SIP (which has security implications), it is recommended to debug with try builds or local builds. The differences are explained below.
try Server Builds
In most cases, developers needing to debug a build as close as possible to the production environment should use a try build. These builds enable Hardened Runtime and only differ from production builds in that they are not Notarized which should not otherwise affect functionality, (other than the ability to easily launch the browser on macOS 10.15+ -- see quarantine note below). At this time, developers can obtain a Hardened Runtime build with the com.apple.security.get-task-allow
entitlement allowed by submitting a try build and downloading the dmg generated by the 'Rpk' shippable build job. A debugger can be attached to Firefox processes of these builds. try builds use the developer.entitlements.xml
file from the source tree while production builds use production.entitlements.xml
. On macOS 10.15+, downloaded try builds will not launch by default because Notarization is required. To workaround this problem, remove the quarantine extended attribute from the downloaded Nightly:
 $ xattr -r -d com.apple.quarantine /Path/to/Nightly.app
Local Builds
Local builds of mozilla-central do not enable Hardened Runtime and hence do not have debugging restrictions. As a result, some functionality will be permitted on local builds, but blocked on production builds which have Hardened Runtime enabled. Bug 1522409 was filed to automate codesigning local builds to enable Hardened Runtime by default and eliminate this discrepancy.
To obtain a Hardened Runtime build without using try infrastructure, a developer can manually codesign builds using the macOS codesign(1)
command with the developer.entitlements.xml
file from the tree. This requires creating a codesigning identity.
Disabling System Integrity Protection (SIP)
If debugging a production build is required, follow Apple's documented steps for disabling System Integrity Protection (SIP). Note that disabling SIP bypasses Hardened Runtime restrictions which can mask some bugs that only occur with Hardened Runtime so it is recommended to test fixes with SIP enabled. Disabling SIP has system security implications that should be understood before taking this step.
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Creating an Xcode project
If you try to create a new Xcode project in an existing directory then Xcode will delete its existing contents (Xcode will warn you beforehand). To work around that, the steps below have you initialize the project outside the Mozilla source tree, close the project, copy the .xcodeproj project 'file' into the source tree, and then reopen the project to finish setting it up.
Note also that since Xcode 7.3.1 it doesn't seem to be possible to have the Xcode project live outside the source tree. If you try to do that then Xcode will simply copy the source files under the project directory rather than link to them (still the case in Xcode 10?) which breaks debugging and the possibility to modify-rebuild-relaunch from inside Xcode.
These steps were last updated for Xcode 10.3:
- Open Xcode, and create a new Project with File > New Project. Select the 'Cross-platform' tab then under the 'Other' template group select the 'Empty' project type. the click Next. Name the project and click Next. Create/select a temporary directory to contain the project and then click Create.
- Before going any further, close the project (File > Close Project) and open Finder. Find the *.xcodejproj directory in the temporary directory, move it into your Mozilla source tree, and then double-click on it to reopen it.
- In the left-hand pane in Xcode you should see a tree item where the root item has the project name. If the temporary directory that you originally created the Xcode project in is under that, right click it and delete it. Now, right click on the root item, select 'Add files to '', select all the files and directories in your source directory, untick 'Copy items if needed', then click Add. (These will then be progressively added under the root item in the left-hand pane. Note that subdirectories may initially appear to be empty, but they too will progressively be populated as Xcode processes the sourse files. Once done, you should be able to open any file quickly by hitting Cmd-Shift-O and typing in the name of a file.)
- In the Product menu, select Scheme > New Scheme and name your scheme (for example, 'Debug'). After you click OK, Xcode should open the settings window for the new scheme. (If not, then open its settings from the Product > Edit Scheme menu.)
- Select 'Run' on the left-hand side of the settings window, then select the 'Info' tab. Set the Executable by clicking on 'None' and selecting 'Other...'. A new dialog titled 'Choose an executable to launch' will pop up. Browse to the
.app
file that you want to debug (Firefox.app
,Nightly
Debug.app
etc). The.app
file is typically found inside thedist
folder in your build directory. - If you are debugging Firefox, Thunderbird, or some other application that supports multiple profiles, using a separate profile for debugging purposes is recommended. See 'Having a profile for debugging purposes' below. Select the 'Arguments' tab in the scheme editor, and click the '+' below the 'Arguments passed on launch' field. Add '-P profilename', where profilename is the name of a profile you created previously. Repeat that to also add the argument '-no-remote'.
- Also in the 'Arguments' panel, you may want to add an environment variable MOZ_DEBUG_CHILD_PROCESS set to the value 1 to help with debugging e10s.
- Select 'Build' from the left of the scheme editor window, and check that there is nothing listed under Targets (otherwise it may cause problems when you try to run the executable for debugging since you will get build errors).
- Click 'Close' to close the scheme editor.
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At this point you can run the application from Xcode, and when you pause or hit breakpoints it should show open the correct source file at the correct line.
Setting up lldb
lldb
is the debugger XCode provides/uses.
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One important issue that the Mozilla .lldbinit file fixes is that by default some breakpoints will be listed as 'pending', and XCode will not stop at them. If you don't include the Mozilla's .lldbinit, you must at least put settings set target.inline-breakpoint-strategy always
in your $HOME/.lldbinit
as recommended on Debugging Mozilla with lldb.
The .lldbinit file in the source tree imports many useful Mozilla specific lldb settings, commands and formatters into lldb
, but you may need to take one of the following steps to make sure this file is used.
If you are using lldb
on the command line (independently of Xcode) and you will always run it from either the top source directory, the object directory or else the dist/bin subdirectory of the object directory, then adding the following setting to your $HOME/.lldbinit
is sufficient:
However, if you will run lldb from a different directory, or if you will be running it indirectly by debugging in Xcode (Xcode always runs lldb from '/'), then this setting will not help you. Instead, add the following to your $HOME/.lldbinit
:
see Debugging Mozilla with lldb for more information.
Having a profile for debugging purposes
It is recommended to create a separate profile to debug with, whatever your task, so that you don't lose precious data like Bookmarks, saved passwords, etc. So that you're not bothered with the profile manager every time you start to debug, expand the 'Executables' branch of the 'Groups & Files' list and double click on the Executable you added for Mozilla. Click the plus icon under the 'Arguments' list and type '-P ' (e.g. '-P MozillaDebug'). Close the window when you're done.
Running a debug session
Make sure breakpoints are active (which implies running under the debugger) by opening the Product menu and selecting 'Debug / Activate Breakpoints' (also shown by the 'Breakpoints' button in the top right section of the main window). Then click the 'Run' button or select 'Run' from the Product menu.
Setting breakpoints
Setting a breakpoint is easy. Just open the source file you want to debug in Xcode, and click in the margin to the left of the line of code where you want to break.
During the debugging session, each time that line is executed, the debugger will break there, and you will be able to debug it.
Note that with the default configuration, some breakpoints will be listed as 'pending', and XCode will not stop at them. If you don't include the Mozilla's .lldbinit, you must at least put settings set target.inline-breakpoint-strategy always
in your $HOME/.lldbinit
as recommended on Debugging Mozilla with lldb.
Using Mozilla-specific lldb commands
If you included the .lldbinit when Setting up lldb, you can use Mozilla-specific lldb commands in the console, located in the Debug area of XCode. For example, type js
to see the JavaScript stack. For more information, see Debugging Mozilla with lldb.
Debugging e10s child processes
Using XCode to debug child processes created by an e10s-enabled browser is a little trickier than debugging a single-process browser, but it can be done. These directions were written using XCode 6.3.1
- Complete all the steps above under 'Creating the Project'
- From the 'Product' menu, ensure the scheme you created is selected under 'Scheme', then choose 'Scheme > Edit Scheme'
- In the resulting popup, click 'Duplicate Scheme'
- Give the resulting scheme a more descriptive name than 'Copy of Scheme'
- Select 'Run' on the left-hand side of the settings window, then select the 'Info' tab. Set the Executable by clicking on the 'Executable' drop-down, and selecting the
plugin-container.app
that is inside the app bundle of the copy of Firefox you want to debug. - On the same tab, under 'Launch' select 'Wait for executable to be launched'
- On the 'Arguments' tab, remove all arguments passed on launch.
Now you're ready to start debugging:
- From the 'Product' menu, ensure the scheme you created above is selected under 'Scheme'
- Click the 'Run' button. The information area at the top of the window will show 'Waiting for plugin-container to launch'
- From a command line, run your build of Firefox. When that launches a child process (for example, when you start to load a webpage), XCode will notice and attach to that child process. You can then debug the child process like you would any other process.
- When you are done debugging, click the 'Stop' button and quit the instance of Firefox that you were debugging in the normal way.
For some help on using lldb see Debugging Mozilla with lldb.
Other resources
Apple has an extensive list of debugging tips and techniques.
Questions? Problems?
Try asking in our IRC channels #developers or #macdev.